• The third challenge is to understand the mechanisms

  2019-10-22

  

  The third challenge is to understand the mechanisms of drug resistance. There are several different mechanisms of ES tumor to develop drug resistance. First, cancer stem cells are capable of proliferate and generate tumor cells with new sets of mutations which may harbor different protein targets [1

• For statistical analysis the Statistical Package for Social

  2019-10-22

  

  For statistical analysis, the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used (version 21.0; SPSSInc., Chicago, IL). Chi-square (x2) exact test was used for the comparison of categorical data, whereas Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney U tests were used for the analysis of nonparametric variables bas

• br Are incretins the only mediators

  2019-10-22

  

  Are incretins the only mediators of the anti-hyperglycaemic effects of DPP-4 inhibitors? Even though both GLP-1 and GIP were identified as substrates for DPP-4 early on [17], [19], [20], [22], and DPP-4 inhibition in vivo raises levels of the intact endogenous forms of both of them [43], [44], fr

• The kinase activity of DNA PKcs is essential

  2019-10-22

  

  The kinase activity of DNA-PKcs is essential for NHEJ, but the exact role of the enzymatic activity of DNA-PKcs plays in NHEJ is not fully understood [57]. In vitro, DNA-PKcs can phosphorylate each of the canonical NHEJ factors including Ku70/80 [58], [59], XRCC4 [60], [61], brilliant blue IV [62],

• In view of the hypotensive effect of endothelial

  2019-10-21

  

  In view of the hypotensive effect of endothelial-specific overexpression of eNOS [17], [19], [28] we correlated skeletal muscle eNOS expression with sBP including data on colony 5 of eNOS-Tg [17] which was used to generate eNOS-Tg/KO (Fig. 4D). We found a highly significant one phase exponential dec

• br Conflict of Interest br Acknowledgements

  2019-10-21

  

  Conflict of Interest Acknowledgements Marques F. was supported by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), Portugal, Grant UMINHO/BI/35/2012. This work was supported by FCT by the Project PTDC/AGR-AAM/70418/2006. Introduction β-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) exposure has long been as

• The overall shape of p iSH is dramatically different from

  2019-10-21

  

  The overall shape of p110α/iSH2 is dramatically different from DGKB or SK1, instead of forming a homodimer, p110α/iSH2 heterodimer has a triangular shape with iSH2 laying on the top and ABD, RBD, helical and kinase domain of p110α sitting in the bottom (Fig. 2B) (Gabelli et al., 2010; Huang et al.,

• Interest in DGKs increased as it

  2019-10-21

  

  Interest in DGKs increased as it became clear that not only are they important for lipid homeostasis, they serve to modulate the relative levels of diacylglycerol (DAG) and phosphatidic TAE684 australia (PtdOH) that play critical roles in a variety of signaling pathways (Eichmann and Lass, 2015; Li

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Serum triglyceride conce

  2019-10-21

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Serum triglyceride concentrations increase following ingestion of a fat containing meal resulting in postprandial hyperlipidemia. Peak serum triglyceride levels are observed within 2 to 4h of fat consumption and then gradually return to baseline levels within appr

• HEK cells stably transfected with CysLT were stimulated with

  2019-10-21

  

  HEK-293 Fucoidan stably transfected with CysLT1 were stimulated with LTD and internalization was studied by confocal microscopy, FACS or cell-surface ELISA. Cells were co-transfected with wildtype and dominant negative (DN) mutants of arrestin and dynamin. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was investiga

• The present results are potentially relevant for understandi

  2019-10-21

  

  The present results are potentially relevant for understanding anxiety disorders and their treatment. Both COMT Val158Met (Lonsdorf and Kalisch, 2011, Montag et al., 2012) and neuroticism/anxiety (Clark et al., 1994, Mineka et al., 1998, Weinstock and Whisman, 2006) have been linked to the prevalenc

• Currently phosphodiesterase type PDE inhibitors are used wid

  2019-10-21

  

  Currently, phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors are used widely as the first- line oral treatment for erectile dysfunction of varying causes. Radical prostatectomy for the treatment of prostate cancer is frequently associated with erectile dysfunction, and this type of erectile dysfunction is

• The mechanism by which OC use

  2019-10-21

  

  The mechanism by which OC use leads to impaired glucose tolerance is yet to be fully clarified. Decreased insulin sensitivity appears to be mainly accounted for by estrogenic component and this effect may be modified by progestogenic component [14], [15]. Estrogenic effect on glucose tolerance has

• Enhanced oxidative stress has been

  2019-10-21

  

  Enhanced oxidative stress has been suggested as the critical mechanisms of IS-produced muscle damage [41,42]. NAC as a direct reactive oxygen species ROS scavenger is frequently discussed in the clinical trials of radiocontrast-induced AKI prevention [43]. Despite some supportive epidemiological dat

• Both progesterone and the calcium ionophore

  2019-10-21

  

  Both progesterone and the calcium ionophore A23187 rely on the synthesis of cAMP by sAC to elicit exocytosis in human sperm (Fig. 2E-H and [8], [60]). We had reported earlier that digestion of endogenous cAMP with recombinant cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase 4D [9] or inhibition of its synthesis with

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