• Here we show that lactate

  2021-09-03

  

  Here we show that lactate activates the Gi-coupled receptor GPR81, which is exclusively expressed on adipocytes, and that lactate released from adipocytes in response to glucose and insulin mediates insulin-induced antilipolysis by activation of GPR81. Results Discussion Nutrients and their m

• Epiandrosterone To maintain low Glu concentrations in the sy

  2021-09-02

  

  To maintain low Glu concentrations in the synaptic cleft below the affinity of its receptors, this amino Epiandrosterone is rapidly removed from the extracellular space by a family of sodium-dependent high-affinity transport systems located mainly in the plasma membrane of perisynaptic astrocytes, a

• Initial studies generally focused on the co

  2021-09-02

  

  Initial studies generally focused on the co-administration of glutamate with transport inhibitors and clearly revealed the ability of the blockers to exacerbate excitotoxic injury in both in vitro and in vivo models (McBean & Roberts, 1985, Robinson et al., 1993a). In addition to demonstrating the c

• In the spinal cord EAAT

  2021-09-02

  

  In the spinal cord, EAAT1 constitutes 40% of all high-affinity EAATs, and it is abundantly present in lumbar dorsal horn (Queen et al., 2007). In physiological conditions, EAATs remove glutamate from the synaptic cleft by co-transporting glutamate and sodium into adjacent glial cells. The inefficien

• To study the effects of

  2021-09-02

  

  To study the effects of GPR40 at the whole-animal level, GPR40 mice have been generated in two different genetic backgrounds [18], [19]. GPR40 mice from both backgrounds were apparently healthy with no overt signs of metabolic or other abnormalities. As expected, pancreatic islets taken from GPR40 m

• Data were collected using a Powerlab

  2021-09-02

  

  Data were collected using a Powerlab and Chart 5 software (ADInstruments, Bella Vista, NSW, Australia) and were analysed using GraphPad Prism 5 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA). Responses to ghrelin receptor agonists in phenylephrine, methoxamine, endothelin-1, U46619 and 60mM [K+] contracted vess

• Amongst oxidants that we have studied PMS

  2021-09-02

  

  Amongst oxidants that we have studied, PMS is unique in having a greater effect in deoxygenated cells. The resulting phenotype shows some similarities with the increased cation permeability shown by deoxygenated sickle sitagliptin phosphate synthesis [27]. It is interesting to consider why PMS has

• Pam3CSK4 As illustrated in among all

  2021-09-02

  

  As illustrated in , among all synthesized compounds, biphenyl derivatives , , , , and with substitutions at the 3-position possessed the best FAAH inhibitory capacity. These 5 compounds demonstrated a good activity against FAAH with IC values in a submicromolar range. Nevertheless, when replacing t

• nhs chemical br Results br Discussion Oxysterols and

  2021-09-02

  

  Results Discussion Oxysterols and EBI2 have received growing attention in the field of immunology, with works highlighting an important role for EBI2 in immune cell migration. However, these studies are mainly limited to animal models (Chalmin et al., 2015, Hannedouche et al., 2011, Kelly et a

• As an endogenous negative modulator CRBN inhibits AMPK s

  2021-09-02

  

  As an endogenous negative modulator, CRBN inhibits AMPK’s activation (phosphorylation of Thr172) by directly binding to the α-subunit of AMPK, disrupting γ-subunit recruitment to the AMPK complex (Lee et al., 2011, Lee et al., 2013). In our study, we did not focus on AMPK activation, since only a si

• It is currently believed that acute morphine administration

  2021-09-02

  

  It is currently believed that acute morphine administration can impair learning and memory (Friswell et al., 2008). Chronic morphine treatment can also impair access to and retention of spatial memory (Spain and Newsom, 1991, Zheng et al., 2002). Using the Morris water maze experiment, we have previ

• Recently Schenck et al identified an

  2021-09-01

  

  Recently, Schenck et al. [25] identified an active site asparagine 222 (N222) residue in the Glycine max TyrAp/PDH (GmPDH1) that is responsible for its prephenate substrate specificity. Mutating the single N222 into an acidic residue (i.e. aspartate, D) in the legume TyrAp/PDH shifted from prephenat

• The HPV E proteins are acidic oncoproteins of approximately

  2021-09-01

  

  The HPV E7 proteins are acidic oncoproteins of approximately 98–103 1027 that contain 3 domains: the conserved region (CR) 1, CR2, and the carboxyl terminal (C-terminal) domain. The CR1 domain is necessary for cellular transformation and RB degradation in mucosal high risk HPVs. The CR2 domain cont

• Due to its several industrial applications the recombinant p

  2021-09-01

  

  Due to its several industrial applications, the recombinant production of collagen and all its derivatives as gelatins has been pursued for many years in different biological systems as mammalian Azidobutyric acid NHS ester (Toman et al., 1999), tobacco plants (Ruggiero et al., 2000), silkworms (To

• br Conflicts of interest br Acknowledgments This research wa

  2021-09-01

  

  Conflicts of interest Acknowledgments This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (NRF-2015R1A2A2A01004593). Introduction Resistance to Inhibitors of Cholinest

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