• The typical pharmacophore for GPR

  2022-06-21

  

  The typical pharmacophore for GPR40 agonists contains four parts: head (acid moiety), central (phenyl ring), linker and tail (aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring) [20]. On the other hand, the chemical features that are required for the PPARγ agonists include hydrogen bond donors and acceptors

• br Materials and methods br Results Aberrant

  2022-06-21

  

  Materials and methods Results Aberrant Aβ has been suggested to be an initiating factor for glutamate excitotoxicity in AD pathology. To investigate whether Aβ1-42 alters glutamate uptake in astrocytes, neurons, and astrocyte-neuron co-cultures, we used synthetic Aβ1-42 peptide. Aβ1-42 has fas

• Introduction Human pathogenic Leishmania protozoa comprise d

  2022-06-21

  

  Introduction Human pathogenic Leishmania protozoa comprise 20 different species that are distributed throughout the world and cause the disease leishmaniasis [1]. Transmission primarily occurs through the bite of a female sand fly and clinical manifestations of the disease span from cutaneous lesio

• br Results br Discussion ER and

  2022-06-21

  

  Results Discussion ER and GR play opposite phenotypic roles in the normal endometrium, with ER promoting growth and GR inhibiting growth. Here, we show that in endometrial cancer, GR expression is associated with worse outcomes and higher-grade tumors, and this association is observed only in

• Fourthly the distribution sites after i c v injection

  2022-06-21

  

  Fourthly, the distribution sites after i.c.v. injection of FAM-ghrelin(1–7)-NH2 were explored in mice using the technologies of fluorescence labeling. The green fluorescence of FAM-ghrelin(1–7)-NH2 was strongly distributed in these structures of lateral ventricle, lateral septal nucleus, dorsal part

• br Introduction The mammalian skin forms

  2022-06-21

  

  Introduction The mammalian skin forms the largest organ of the body and includes a network of cutaneous nerves, cells of the immune system, and mediators of the neuro-endocrine axis (Theoharides et al., 2016). Analogous to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neuropeptides and their receptors

• The effect of on the

  2022-06-21

  

  The effect of on the conformational of G-quadruplexes was investigated with circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. In the absence of , the CD spectra of parallel G-quadruplex exhibited a characteristic positive peak at about 265 nm, and a negative peak at about 240 nm; antiparallel G-quadruplex sh

• The precise mechanism by which erastin

  2022-06-21

  

  The precise mechanism by which erastin inhibits SLC7A11-mediated cystine import it still unknown. The initially proposed mechanism, by which erastin binds a related transport protein, SLC7A5, and inhibits SLC7A11 in trans [25], was revised soon after, and it was suggested that erastin inhibits SLC7A

• The FAAH inhibitor activity of

  2022-06-21

  

  The FAAH inhibitor activity of the 3-(5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenyl cyclohexylcarbamates was investigated by preparation of compounds (43–52, Table 3). These new compounds displayed an important loss of activity in comparison with the corresponding regioisomers 5-phenyl compound

• Although oxidative stress induces a decrease in

  2022-06-20

  

  Although oxidative stress induces a decrease in intracellular ATP level, the underlying mechanism is obscured. We hypothesized that oxidative stress induced by H2O2 could decrease astrocytes ATP level through lysosome exocytosis in Ca2+-dependent pattern. In present study, using H2O2 stimulation to

• br Acknowledgments We thank Drs Yasuhiro Saito

  2022-06-20

  

  Acknowledgments We thank Drs. Yasuhiro Saito and Mitsuru Futakuchi for helpful discussion. We also thank Drs. Kohei Miyazono and Tadashi Matsuda for cells. This work was supported by Grant-in-Aids for Scientific Research on Innovative Area (16H06373; 16K15273) from MEXT, Japan (to M.H.) and by Pr

• In addition to lifestyle factors

  2022-06-20

  

  In addition to lifestyle factors, genetic factors may also influence the efficacy of antineoplastic drugs in breast cancer patients.16, 17 The HER2 gene contains several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Two of the most investigated HER2 SNPs are Ile655Val (rs1136201) and Ala1170Pro (rs105880

• br Discussion Using HBV transgenic mice Kim et al first

  2022-06-20

  

  Discussion Using HBV transgenic mice, Kim, et al. first reported that the HBx gene caused HCC [34]. Since then, transgenic mice have become a useful experimental model for defining the molecular events of HBV hepatitis, and HBV-related hepatocarcinogenesis. In the present study, we first confirme

• br Methods br Results br

  2022-06-20

  

  Methods Results Discussion Peptide therapeutics represents a unique class of biopharmaceuticals that continues to evolve in drug discovery and development. We and others have been particularly interested in bioengineering innovative pGC-A and/or pGC-B peptide activators. This has been succe

• br Membrane Fusion Requires Rab GTPases Tethers and SNAREs

  2022-06-20

  

  Membrane Fusion Requires Rab-GTPases, Tethers, and SNAREs Regulation and Function of Rab5 Following endocytosis in metazoan cells, the Rab5-specific GEF Rabex5 binds to ubiquitinated cargo proteins, such as cell surface receptors or metabolite transporters, and subsequently activates Rab5 on e

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